Gugel RK, Petrie GA, 1992. History, occurrence, impact, and control of blackleg of rapeseed. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology14, 36-45.
Hall R, 1992. Epidemiology of blackleg of oilseed rape. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology14, 46-55.
Howlett, BJ 2004. Current knowledge of the interaction between Brassica napus and Leptosphaeria maculans. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology-Revue Canadienne De Phytopathologie26, 245-252.
Paul VH, Rawlinson CJ, 1992. Diseases and Pests of Rape. Gelsenkirchen-Buer, Germany: Verlag Th. Mann.
Williams PH, 1992. Biology of Leptosphaeria maculans. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology14, 30-35.
West JS, Biddulph JE, Fitt BDL, Gladders P. 1999 Epidemiology of Leptosphaeria maculans in relation to forecasting stem canker severity on winter oilseed rape in the UK. Annals of Applied Biology135: 535-546.
West JS, Kharbanda PD, Barbetti MJ, Fitt BDL. 2001 Epidemiology and management of Leptosphaeria maculans(phoma stem canker) on oilseed rape in Australia, Canada and Europe. Plant Pathology50: 10-27.
Williams RH, Fitt BDL, 1999. Differentiating A and B groups of Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of stem canker (blackleg) of winter oilseed rape. Plant Pathology48, 161-175.
Taxonomy, Identification and Genetics
Calderon, C, Ward, E, Freeman, J, Foster, SJ, McCartney, HA 2002. Detection of airborne inoculum of Leptosphaeria maculans and Pyrenopeziza brassicae in oilseed rape crops by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Plant Pathology51, 303-310.
Delourme, R, Pilet-Nayel, ML, Archipiano, M, Horvais, R, Tanguy, X, Rouxel, T, Brun, H, Renard, A, Balesdent, AH 2004. A cluster of major specific resistance genes to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus. Phytopathology94, 578-583.
Howlett, BJ, Idnurm, A, Pedras, MSC 2001. Leptosphaeria maculans, the causal agent of blackleg disease of Brassicas.Fungal Genetics and Biology33, 1-14.
McCartney, HA, Foster, SJ, Fraaije, BA, Ward, E 2003. Molecular diagnostics for fungal plant pathogens. Pest Management Science59, 129-142.
Mendes-Pereira, E, Balesdent, MH, Brun, H, Rouxel, T 2003. Molecular phylogeny of the Leptosphaeria maculans-L. biglobosa species complex. Mycological Research107, 1287-1304.
Pinochet, X, Mestries, E, Penaud, A, Delourme, R, Chevre, AM, Renard, M, Brun, H, Bousset, L, Balesdent, MH, Rouxel, T, Aubertot, JN 2003. Towards a durable management of genetic resistances to Leptosphaeria maculans. Ocl-Oleagineux Corps Gras Lipides10, 208-211.
Rouxel, T, Penaud, A, Pinochet, X, Brun, H, Gout, L, Delourme, R, Schmit, J, Balesdent, MH 2003. A 10-year survey of populations of Leptosphaeria maculans in France indicates a rapid adaptation towards the Rlm1 resistance gene of oilseed rape. European Journal of Plant Pathology109, 871-881.
Rouxel, T, Willner, E, Coudard, L, Balesdent, MH 2003. Screening and identification of resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans (stem canker) in Brassica napus accessions. Euphytica133, 219-231.
Epidemiology & Yield Effects
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Huang YJ, Underwood CT, Fitt BDL, Todd AD, West JS, Koopmann B, Balesdent MH. 2001 Effects of temperature on germination and hyphal growth from ascospores of A-group and B-group Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker of oilseed rape). Annals of Applied Biology139: 193-207.
Huang, YJ, Fitt, BDL, Hall, AM 2003. Survival of A-group and B-group Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) ascospores in air and mycelium on oilseed rape stem debris. Annals of Applied Biology143, 359-369.
Huang, YJ, Toscano-Underwood, C, Fitt, BDL, Hu, XJ, Hall, AM 2003. Effects of temperature on ascospore germination and penetration of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves by A- or B-group Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker).Plant Pathology52, 245-255.
Jedryczka, M., Fitt, B.D.L., Kachlicki, P., Lewartowska, E., Balesdent, M.H., Rouxel, T. (1999). A comparison between Polish and UK isolates of Leptosphaeria maculans, cause of stem canker of winter oilseed rape. Zeitshrift fur Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz106, 608-617.
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Sun P, Fitt BDL, Steed JM, Underwood CT, West JS. 2001 Factors affecting development of phoma canker (Leptosphaeria maculans) on stems of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in southern England. Annals of Applied Biology139: 227-242.
Toscano-Underwood C, West JS, Fitt BDL, Todd AD, Jedryczka M. 2001 Development of phoma lesions on oilseed rape leaves inoculated with ascospores of A-group or B-group Leptosphaeria maculans (stem canker) at different temperatures and wetness durations. Plant Pathology50: 28-41.
Toscano-Underwood, C, Huang, YJ, Fitt, BDL, Hall, AM 2003. Effects of temperature on maturation of pseudothecia ofLeptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa on oilseed rape stem debris. Plant Pathology52, 726-736.
West JS, Fitt BDL, Leech PK, Biddulph JE, Huang Y-J, Balesdent M-H, 2002 Effects of timing of Leptosphaeria maculans ascospore release and fungicide regime on phoma leaf spot and phoma stem canker development on winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in southern England. Plant Pathology51: 454-463.
West JS, Balesdent M-H, Rouxel T, Narcy JP, Huang Y-J, Roux J, Steed JM, Fitt BDL, Schmit J, 2002 Colonisation of winter oilseed rape tissues by A/Tox+ and B/Tox0 Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in France and England.Plant Pathology51: 311-321.
Zhou Y, Fitt BDL, Welham SJ, Gladders P, Sansford CE, West JS. 1999 Effects of severity and timing of stem canker (Leptosphaeria maculans) symptoms on yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in the UK. European Journal of Plant Pathology105: 715-728.
Zhou, Y., Fitt, B.D.L., Welham, S.J., Evans, N. & Gladders, P. (2000). Effects of stem canker (Leptosphaeria maculans) and light leaf spot (Pyrenopeziza brassicae) on yield of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in southern England. Plant Pathology49, 487-497.