Rothamsted Highs and Lows
The table below shows for selected variables the long-term mean value* ; the highest and lowest mean value recorded for each month and year since records began; and the year that it was recorded. Those values achieved this year are highlighted in Red
Variable |
Air Temperature |
Soil Temperature |
Total Rainfall |
Total Sunshine |
|||||||||||||
Maximum |
Minimum |
Mean** |
10cm under bare soil |
20cm under bare soil |
30cm under Grass |
|
|
||||||||||
|
Units |
°C
|
°C
|
°C
|
°C
|
°C
|
°C
|
mm
|
hours
|
|||||||||
Year Measurement Began |
1878
|
1878
|
1878
|
1931
|
1931
|
1931
|
1870
|
1891
|
|||||||||
|
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
Value
|
Year
|
|
January |
Long-term Mean
|
5.8
|
0.3
|
3.1
|
2.5
|
3.1
|
3.4
|
61.4
|
52.6
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
9.5
|
2007
|
4.3
|
1921
|
6.8
|
1921
|
5.5
|
2007
|
5.9
|
2007
|
6.9
|
2007
|
176.2
|
2014
|
90.9
|
1984
|
|
|
Lowest
|
-0.6
|
1963
|
-6.1
|
1963
|
-3.4
|
1963
|
-1.6
|
1940
|
-0.3
|
1940
|
-0.4
|
1940
|
8.1
|
1855
|
22.2
|
1996
|
|
February |
Long-term Mean
|
6.4
|
0.3
|
3.4
|
2.5
|
3.1
|
3.3
|
47.4
|
68.5
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
10.9
|
2019
|
4.7
|
2024
|
7.0
|
1990
|
5.3
|
2002
|
6.0
|
2002
|
6.8
|
2002
|
141.9
|
2014
|
145.5
|
2008
|
|
|
Lowest
|
-0.9
|
1947
|
-6.3
|
1895
|
-2.7
|
1947
|
-0.5
|
1942
|
0.1
|
1942
|
0.6
|
1942
|
0.9
|
1891
|
22.5
|
1940
|
|
March |
Long-term Mean
|
9.1
|
1.4
|
5.3
|
4.0
|
4.5
|
4.7
|
50.3
|
114.0
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
14.1
|
1938
|
5.1
|
1981
|
8.9
|
1957
|
6.9
|
2017
|
7.4
|
2017
|
8.0
|
2017
|
129.2
|
1979
|
205.7
|
1907
|
|
|
Lowest
|
5.2
|
2013
|
-2.0
|
1883
|
2.0
|
1883
|
1.7
|
1955
|
2.2
|
1955
|
2.4
|
1962
|
1.2
|
1929
|
45.2
|
1984
|
|
April |
Long-term Mean
|
12.2
|
3.3
|
7.7
|
7.2
|
7.3
|
7.5
|
46.6
|
150.3
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
17.6
|
2011
|
6.7
|
2011
|
12.2
|
2011
|
11.1
|
2011
|
11.4
|
2011
|
10.8
|
2011
|
168.6
|
2012
|
270.1
|
1893
|
|
|
Lowest
|
9.1
|
1917
|
0.4
|
1917
|
4.7
|
1917
|
5.0
|
1986
|
5.4
|
1986
|
5.6
|
1986
|
1.6
|
2021
|
84.7
|
1966
|
|
May |
Long-term Mean
|
16.0
|
6.2
|
11.1
|
11.4
|
11.1
|
11.2
|
49.9
|
192.9
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
19.0
|
1947
|
8.8
|
2008
|
13.5
|
1964
|
14.7
|
1989
|
14.3
|
2020
|
13.7
|
1990
|
135.8
|
2007
|
308.6
|
2020
|
|
|
Lowest
|
12.8
|
1941
|
4.0
|
1879
|
8.5
|
1879
|
9.3
|
1941
|
8.6
|
1941
|
9.0
|
1941
|
1.5
|
1990
|
116.9
|
1981
|
|
June |
Long-term Mean
|
18.9
|
9.1
|
14.0
|
15.3
|
14.9
|
15.0
|
52.1
|
198.4
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
23.7
|
1976
|
12.0
|
2017
|
17.2
|
1976
|
18.5
|
2017
|
18.0
|
2003
|
17.6
|
1976
|
166.5
|
2012
|
289.1
|
1975
|
|
|
Lowest
|
14.9
|
1916
|
7.2
|
1916
|
11.0
|
1916
|
12.5
|
1977
|
12.3
|
1977
|
12.5
|
1977
|
2.5
|
1925
|
115.2
|
1909
|
|
July |
Long-term Mean
|
20.8
|
11.2
|
16.0
|
17.0
|
16.8
|
16.8
|
56.3
|
191.9
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
26.1
|
2006
|
14.5
|
2006
|
20.3
|
2006
|
20.9
|
2018
|
20.9
|
2018
|
20.1
|
1983
|
167.2
|
1855
|
314.9
|
1911
|
|
|
Lowest
|
17.2
|
1919
|
9.4
|
1907
|
13.4
|
1919
|
14.4
|
1980
|
14.5
|
1980
|
14.4
|
1980
|
4.1
|
1921
|
90.8
|
1965
|
|
August |
Long-term Mean
|
20.5
|
11.0
|
15.7
|
16.1
|
16.2
|
16.4
|
60.3
|
180.1
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
25.2
|
2022
|
14.5
|
1997
|
19.6
|
2022
|
20.4
|
2003
|
20.4
|
2022
|
19.4
|
1975
|
172.0
|
2020
|
279.7
|
1995
|
|
|
Lowest
|
16.9
|
1912
|
9.2
|
1885
|
13.2
|
1912
|
13.5
|
1956
|
13.7
|
1956
|
14.4
|
1931
|
1.7
|
1947
|
75.8
|
1894
|
|
September |
Long-term Mean
|
17.8
|
9.1
|
13.5
|
13.3
|
13.8
|
14.0
|
54.3
|
142.6
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
22.5
|
2023
|
13.4
|
2006
|
17.7
|
2023
|
16.7
|
2023
|
16.9
|
1949
|
17.1
|
2006
|
194.5
|
1896
|
228.7
|
1895
|
|
|
Lowest
|
14.5
|
1931
|
6.3
|
1986
|
11.0
|
1952
|
10.9
|
1952
|
11.5
|
1986
|
12.0
|
1931
|
0.9
|
1865
|
32.6
|
1894
|
|
October |
Long-term Mean
|
13.5
|
6.2
|
9.8
|
9.3
|
10.1
|
10.7
|
69.5
|
103.4
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
17.7
|
1921
|
10.6
|
2001
|
13.4
|
2001
|
12.7
|
2006
|
13.2
|
2006
|
14.5
|
2006
|
198.7
|
1987
|
163.9
|
1997
|
|
|
Lowest
|
9.7
|
1974
|
2.5
|
1919
|
6.7
|
1919
|
6.5
|
1974
|
7.4
|
1974
|
8.1
|
1974
|
1.1
|
1947
|
46.3
|
1976
|
|
November |
Long-term Mean
|
9.0
|
2.8
|
5.9
|
5.5
|
6.3
|
6.8
|
68.5.
|
62.6
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
12.4
|
2011
|
7.4
|
1994
|
9.7
|
1994
|
9.2
|
1994
|
9.7
|
2011
|
11.0
|
2022
|
192.4
|
1940
|
114.1
|
1989
|
|
|
Lowest
|
5.3
|
1919
|
-0.8
|
1910
|
2.5
|
1923
|
3.2
|
1952
|
4.3
|
1952
|
5.5
|
1965
|
4.0
|
1867
|
26.5
|
1962
|
|
December |
Long-term Mean
|
6.7
|
1.2
|
4.0
|
3.5
|
4.2
|
4.6
|
68.8
|
45.1
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
12.5
|
2015
|
7.3
|
2015
|
9.9
|
2002/2015
|
8.4
|
2015
|
8.9
|
2015
|
9.5
|
2015
|
190.9
|
1914
|
94.7
|
2014
|
|
|
Lowest
|
0.5
|
1890
|
-4.3
|
1890
|
-1.9
|
1890
|
0.3
|
1933
|
1.1
|
1933
|
1.4
|
1933
|
8.8
|
1857
|
12.3
|
1956
|
|
Year |
Long-term Mean
|
13.1
|
5.2
|
9.1
|
9.0
|
9.3
|
9.5
|
685.5
|
1502.3
|
||||||||
|
Highest
|
15.5
|
2022
|
7.4
|
2014
|
11.2
|
2022
|
11.0
|
2022
|
11.7
|
2022
|
11.8
|
2022
|
1059.2
|
2012
|
1912.5
|
2022
|
|
|
Lowest
|
10.8
|
1879
|
3.7
|
1887
|
7.3
|
1879
|
8.1
|
1963
|
8.4
|
1963
|
8.4
|
1962
|
380.1
|
1921
|
1149.2
|
1968
|
|
**Mean air temperature is calculated daily as the maximum air temperature (Max) plus the minimum air temperature (Min) divided by two i.e. (Max+Min)/2
|
Variable
|
Number of Years
|
From : To
|
|---|---|---|
|
Maximum air temperature
Minimum air temperature Mean air temperature Total Rainfall Total Sunshine |
100
|
1891 to 1990
|
|
Soil temperature at 10cm under bare soil
Soil temperature at 20cm under bare soil |
60
|
1931 to 1990
|
|
Soil temperature at 30cm under bare soil
|
48
|
1931 to 1990 (1) |
|
|
|
(1)Excluding 1945 - 1956 |